name: title-slide class: title-slide, center, middle, inverse # TRIZ: A Very Contradictory Problem-Solving Method #.fancy[A Introduction and Workflow for Students] <br> .large[by Arvind Venkatadri] Written: May 04 2020 Updated: April 07 2024 .footer-large[.right[.fira[ <br><br><br><br><br>[The Foundation Series](https://arvindvenkatadri.com/) ]]] --- ## What's Your Problem? .pull-left[  ] .pull-right[ - Whatever can be wrong with a pizza box!! - Lids get soggy with steam, and may touch the toppings! - Steam naturally happens because pizza is hot !! So? CONTRADICTION: Ever tried to scrape cheese off the inside of a pizza box lid? ] --- ## What's Your Problem? .pull-left[  ] .pull-right[ - Chains *need* to be flexible so that can wrap around sprockets - Chains *need* to be hard so that they don't snap So? CONTRADICTION: Ever had greasy hands trying to re-align a slipped chain? ] --- ## A Good Contradiction is ~~Half~~ the Problem <center>  --- background-image: url("images/Azerbaijan.png") background-size: contain ## So what *is* TRIZ? .pull-left[  ] .pull-right[  - All *creative* Patents solved..CONTRADICTIONS! ] --- ## What motivated TRIZ? .pull-left[ - Altshuller **data-mined** 25K Patent Applications - **Similar Contradictions** were found across Domains - **Similar Inventive Solutions** were found across Domains - But...how does a Plumber talk with a Heart Surgeon? - Watch [Grey's Anatomy](https://www.netflix.com/title/70140391) or [House](https://www.amazon.com/House-Season-1/dp/B000WCT7M8) together? ] .pull-right[ - https://www.dicardiology.com/content/blogs/explaining-cardiac-conditions-layman-using-old-house-analogy  ] --- ## So, a Metaphoric Language .pull-left[ - ***Big Idea :*** Generalized Problem: "Your Problem has been solved somewhere else", in a different DOMAIN in a different LANGUAGE - So can there be a "common" "crossover" language? - Altshuller invented one, with **Metaphors** - 48 TRIZ Metaphors for **stating** the Problem Contradiction - 40 TRIZ Metaphors for **Inventive Principles** ] .pull-right[  Why is a Raven like a Writing Desk? ] --- ## A TRIZ Worldview: Resources .pull-left[ - A Unique Way of looking at **Available Resources** - The thing causing the problem is also a resource? - [Could Titanic have used the iceberg? PDF](https://www.metodolog.ru/triz-journal/archives/2003/03/g/07.pdf) - Helps avoid [Functional Fixedness](https://thedecisionlab.com/biases/functional-fixedness) ] .pull-right[  ] --- ## A TRIZ Worldview: IFR .pull-left[ - The **Ideal Final Result** - A "Want my Cake and Have it Too" outlook - A uniquely TRIZ *no-compromise* formulation - A *solution* before **the** Solution - Focusses the Attention to specific regions of the Solution Space ( as we will see) ] .pull-right[ - Helps [refine the problem](https://metodolog.ru/triz-journal/archives/1998/06/d/index.htm) - Eliminates the deficiencies of the original system - Preserves the advantages of the original system - Does not make the system more complicated (uses free or available resources.) - Does not introduce new disadvantages - (https://metodolog.ru/triz-journal/archives/1997/02/a/index.html) ] --- ## TRIZ Worldview: Specify the Ideal Final Result (IFR) .pull-left[ - State an **Ideal Final Result** - A basic principle of TRIZ is that systems evolve towards increased **ideality**, where ideality is defined as `$$Ideality = Benefits / (Harm + Costs)$$` - **Evolution** is in the direction of - ⬆ Increasing benefits - ⬇ Decreasing costs - ⬇ Decreasing harm - IFR allows us to **invert the direction of the problem**: to come backwards from Solution towards the Situation ] .pull-right[ The ***extreme result*** of this evolution is the Ideal Final Result: - It has all the benefits, - none of the harm, and - none of the costs of the original problem. - The Ideal Final Result describes the solution to a technical problem, **independent of the mechanism or constraints of the original problem**. - It occupies no space, has no weight, requires no labour, requires no maintenance. ] --- ## A TRIZ Worldview: Contradictions .pull-left[ - **Contradictions** exist at multiple levels - *Administrative*. [Oh those Russians...](https://www.forbesindia.com/article/recliner/oh-those-russians-boney-m/21642/1) - *Technical* (TRIZ Metaphors, as we'll see) - *Physical* [An Impossible Sounding Statement](https://aliceinwonderland.fandom.com/wiki/Six_Impossible_Things) which we might discover... - Ever heard of [Hiranyakashipu?](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiranyakashipu) ] .pull-right[  ] --- ## So How Do Metaphors Work in Classical TRIZ? .pull-left[ - State your Problem in "plain English" - "Metaphorize" your Problem using 48 TRIZ Parameters - You now have a **TRIZ Contradiction** - Maybe more than one way!! - Look up TRIZ Generalized Solutions for your Contradiction - You have say 4 **TRIZ Inventive Principles** - These are also metaphors! - "Un-metaphorize" them back into your problem ] .pull-right[ <img src="images/generic-solution.png" width="522" height="350px" /> - Ever used log tables? Addition is a "metaphor" for multiplication...no? ] --- ## TRIZ Workflow: Story #1: Meat Transportation .pull-left[ - A meat plant owner in South America flies product to the United States. - Refrigeration is required during flight to keep the meat frozen. - Competition increased, Need to reduce delivery cost. - It became obvious that he must increase the amount of product per air shipment. - Refrigeration system... - CONTRADICTION: **How to increase shipment AND keep it frozen**? He did exactly that. ] .pull-right[ - **Utilization of existing resources** Flying at an altitude of 15,000–25,000 feet *the air temperature is below 32 deg. F*, so no refrigeration system was actually needed.  ] --- ## TRIZ Workflow: Story #2: Red Adair and Oil Well Fires .pull-left[ - An oil well in Saudi Arabia exploded and caught fire. - Initial efforts to extinguish it failed, - Famed firefighter Red Adair was called in. - There was enough foam available at the site to do the job. - The small hoses that were available could not shoot the foam quickly enough to do any good. - CONTRADICTION: **How to use a Small Hose to spray Big Foam?** ] .pull-right[ - Red Adair stationed men in a circle all around the fire, with all of the available small hoses. - When everyone was ready all of the hoses were opened up and foam was directed at the fire from all directions. In this way a huge amount of foam quickly struck the source of the fire. The blaze was extinguished, - The Saudis were satisfied that Red had earned his three million dollar fee. - INVENTIVE PRINCIPLES: **Segmentation Excessive Action** ] --- ## TRIZ Workflow: Formulate a Problem Description .pull-left[ - Use your [*CULTURAL CAPITAL*](https://culturallearningalliance.org.uk/what-is-cultural-capital/) and your **DOMAINs** to write a PROBLEM in simple English - Ask: **5W+H** - **What** does the problem seem to be? - **Who** has the problem? - **When** does the problem occur? All the time? Under certain circumstances? - **Where** does the problem occur? - **Why** does the problem occur?(.small.orange["Ask why 5 times" -- W. Edwards Deming]) - **How** does the problem occur? ] .pull-right[  .small[- Ellen Domb, ["How to help TRIZ Beginners Succeed"](https://www.metodolog.ru/triz-journal/archives/1997/04/a/index.html) - Adobe Workfront Blog, ["The 5 Ws (and 1 H) that should be asked of every project!"](https://www.workfront.com/blog/project-management-101-the-5-ws-and-1-h-that-should-be-asked-of-every-project) - [Cultural Learning Alliance: "What is Cultural Capital?"](https://culturallearningalliance.org.uk/what-is-cultural-capital/) - ["Platform Creativity: Domain, Field, and Person"](https://medium.com/call4/domain-8a22b6b486f4) - [Rudyard Kipling, "I Keep Six Honest Serving Men"](https://allpoetry.com/I-Keep-Six-Honest-Serving-Men) ] ] --- ## TRIZ Workflow: Look the "Resources" and Causes .pull-left[ To refine our Problem, what Resources do we have? - One Good way to do this is using the **Ishikawa Diagram** - Man, Material, Method, Management, Machinery (Ishikawa) - This diagram is used **primarily** to assign **CAUSES** - But it conveniently lists all the **Resources**. - What things create the compromise/tradeoff? ] .pull-right[  .footnote[https://www.investopedia.com/terms/i/ishikawa-diagram.asp] ] --- ## TRIZ Workflow: Inspect the Ishikawa Diagram .pull-left[ - From the Ishikawa Diagram - What is **One Parameter or Knob** for each of the **Causes** that you have listed therein? - Let us make a list for each Knob/Object: - What is the **Knob** meant to do? What is its main Purpose? - What are the other Accompanying Objects that it works with? ] .pull-right[ - What are the **current Settings** for each Knob? - Change the Setting of Each Knob to its **natural opposite extreme**. What Happens? - You will see that in many cases, each Knob creates a Certain Outcome at one Setting and another Outcome at the Opposite Setting. - This is the Source of your Administrative Contradiction !! ] What sort of Contradictions do we see in familiar objects today? What is good and what is not so good? Could that be the source of a problem to solve? --- ## TRIZ Workflow: Case Study #3 ### Wildlife Crossings Key to Highway Safety in Banff .pull-left[ Why did the bear cross the Trans-Canada Highway? We may never know, but thanks to the Banff Wildlife Crossings Project, there’s a good chance it made it to the other side. ] .pull-right[ When the 82-kilometre section of the Trans-Canada Highway that runs through the Rocky Mountains in Banff National Park was built in the early 1950s, it wasn’t expected to be the major artery it is today. But as park visitation increased, traffic volume surged—and so did highway-related wildlife mortality. ] .footnote[https://discoverapega.ca/stories/wildlife-crossings-key-to-highway-safety-in-banff/] --- ### TRIZ Workflow: Case Study #2: Wildlife Crossings in Banff .pull-left[ - **Knobs from the Ishikawa Diagram** (short list): - Speed(L/S); Size of Animal(L/S); Number of Animals(L/S); Time of Migration(D/N); - **Output**: Road Kill / Affects Animal Migration / Human Costs / Fast Journeys - **AC**: We want to drive at **high speed**, but **not kill migrating wild animals** (or endanger our vehicles). ] .pull-right[  - **IFR**: *"The Animals and Humans should use the Road at the Same Time"* ] --- ### TRIZ Workflow: Case Study #2: Wildlife Crossings in Banff .pull-left[ - **Technical Contradictions**: From the 49 TRIZ parameters: - **TC1**: Increase *Speed(9)* and not worsen *Duration of Action by Moving Object(15)* - **TC2**: Improve *Volume of Moving Object(7)* and not worsen *Loss of Time(25)* - **TC3**: Improve *Object affected by external harmful factors*(30) and not worsen *Duration of Action by Stationary Object*(16)[see footnote] .footnote[Animals are stationary compared to the cars!!] ] .pull-right[  [Download the TRIZ Contradiction Matrix](https://av-quarto.netlify.app/content/materials/ContradictionMatrix2003.pdf) ] --- ### TRIZ Workflow: Case Study #2: Wildlife Crossings in Banff Inventive Principles: - **TC1**: 3(Local Quality), 19(Periodic Action), 35(Parameter Change), 5(Merging).....Local Quality? Parameter Change? Ok, change the road in some way...can't change all cars and definitely can't "change" animals!! - **TC2**: 35(Parameter Change), 18(Mechanical Vibration), 34(Rejecting and Regenerating Parts). - **TC3**: ***17(Another Dimension)!!!***, 1(Segmentation), 40(Composite Materials), 33(Homogeneity) Solution: - (17)Another Dimension + (35)Parameter Change + 3(Local Quality) = Animal Bridge!!! - Also 33(Homogeneity) = Equal Opportunity for Animals and Vehicles ] --- ### TRIZ Workflow: Case Study #2: Wildlife Crossings in Banff .pull-left[ <img src="images/AB-BAN-2014-05.jpg" width="532" /> ] .pull-right[ <iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/9JX6cqME6Hw?si=vX8i4_D5BPQ1Dgvh" title="YouTube video player" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" allowfullscreen></iframe> NOTE: The IFR embodies a **PC** !! So **TRIZ Separation Principles** suggest "separation in Space and there you are: you have a bridge!! ] --- ## TRIZ Workflow: Case Study: Spotify Ad .center[ <iframe width="760" height="500" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/X1WP5J-I9f8" title="YouTube video player" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen></iframe> ] --- ## TRIZ Workflow: Case Study: Spotify Ad .pull-left[ - **Knobs** (short list): - Travel Time(L/S); Purchase Time(L/S); Noise(Loud/Soft); Bargaining Talk(Long/Short) - **Output**: Stress / Boredom / Waste of Time / Mom is Happy / Veggies - **AC**: I want to chill, but Mom wants me to take her veggie shopping. I have to put up with waste of time and possibly boredom. - **IFR**: *"I should go AND not go to the market at the same time"* ] .pull-right[ - **TC**: From the 48 TRIZ parameters: - **TC1**: Increase *Productivity(39)* and not worsen *Stress(11)* - **TC2**: Improve *Loss of Time(25)* and not worsen *Effect of External Harmful Factors(30)* ] --- ## TRIZ Workflow: Case Study: Spotify Ad .pull-left[ Inventive Principles: - TC1: 10(Prior Action), 37(Thermal Expansion), 14(Spheroidality).....hmm, not very inspiring, unless 37 means *get angry with Mom* !! Never!! - TC2: 35(Parameter Change), 18(Mechanical Vibration)!!, 34(Rejecting and Regenerating Parts). ] .pull-right[ Solution: - 18(Mechanical Vibration) : Make noise of your own? 🔉 NA - 35(Parameter Change): Change *Bargaining Talk* to *Sweet Sound*: Play music!!🎵 - Also 14(Spheroidality): Wear "spherical" headphones!!🎧! Create a "sound sphere"! Long shot!! - SO: with Spotify on, I was **in the market, and not in the market** !! IFR achieved !! Ta Da !! ] --- ## TRIZ Workflow: Case Study : Arc of the Diver .pull-left[ - **AC**: When diving, the water may hurt the diver if they do not land properly. - **Knobs**: Water(Deep/Shallow); Dive(High/Low); Weight of Diver(H/L); Posture? - **IFR**: For high water diving, water must be “hard” to support the diver and “soft” so as not to injure the diver. - **TC**: Try!! - **PC**: The physical contradiction: The water must be hard and soft at the same time. ] .pull-right[ - Solution: This contradiction is resolved by **Separating** the requirements **in space**: Saturate the water with air bubbles — the pool contains both air and water. <div style="width:100%;height:0;padding-bottom:75%;position:relative;"><iframe src="https://giphy.com/embed/9MFrUbcvCC3pCcq6vx" width="100%" height="60%" style="position:absolute" frameBorder="0" class="giphy-embed" allowFullScreen></iframe></div><p><a href="https://giphy.com/gifs/usnationalarchives-9MFrUbcvCC3pCcq6vx">via GIPHY</a></p> ] --- ### TRIZ Workflow: Case Study: Plastics in the Water .pull-left[ - **AC**: - Plastics are polluting the oceans - They are impossible to retrieve from there; - 80% of all ocean plastics come from ~1600 rivers! ] .pull-right[ <!-- --> ] --- ### TRIZ Workflow: Case Study: Plastics in the Water .pull-left[ - **Knobs**: Rivers? Water? Flow? Humans? Plastic waste itself? Water craft(boats/ships..) - **AC**: Plastics are polluting the oceans, they are impossible to retrieve from there; 80% of all ocean plastics come from ~1600 rivers! ] .pull-right[ - **IFR**: Rivers must flow, but plastic must not. - **PC**: The Plastics must be in the water AND not in the water at the same time. - ( **Do we need "two kinds of water", then???**) ] --- background-image: url("images/bubbles.jpg") background-size: contain ### TRIZ Workflow: Case Study: Plastics in the Water .left-column[ - **TC**: - **TC1**: Increase *Volume of Stationary Object*(8) and not worsen *Object affected by external harmful factors*(30) - **TC2**: ?? ] .right-column[ - **Inventive Principles**: - **IP34: Discarding and Recovering**? What can we discard in the water? Would we want to? Not sure... - **IP39: Inert Atmosphere**? In water? Ok..water must *not* flow in some places and be "inert" elsewhere. But how? Some blockage? - **IP19: Periodic Action**? Doing something again and again? What? Agitate the water? How? - **IP27: Cheap Short Living Objects**? In the water? What... **Wait....BUBBLES** !!!! ] --- ## TRIZ Workflow: Case Study: The Great Bubble Barrier <center><iframe width="950" height="500" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/n_KwF-gf0S0" title="YouTube video player" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen></iframe></center> --- ## TRIZ Workflow: Case Study: Bus Strikes in Japan .pull-left[ - Drivers "need" to protest against their Employers - **Strikes hurt commuters**, who are **forced to empathize** ([Bah! Design Thinking!!](https://www.interaction-design.org/literature/article/stage-1-in-the-design-thinking-process-empathise-with-your-users)) - Strikes do not directly "hurt the management"..which is the intent! - When drivers return, they are apologetic...maybe. ] .pull-right[ <iframe src="https://giphy.com/embed/xT9KVti6uOede1cYZq" width="480" height="270" frameBorder="0" class="giphy-embed" allowFullScreen></iframe><p><a href="https://giphy.com/gifs/filmeditor-horror-friday-the-13th-xT9KVti6uOede1cYZq">via GIPHY</a></p> ] .footnote[http://www.darrellmann.com/mini-case-study-strike/] --- ## TRIZ Workflow: Case Study: Bus Strikes in Japan .pull-left[ **TC**: Improve *Force(10)* ( i.e.of the Strike) and not worsen * Object generated Harmful Effects(31)* ( i.e. on themselves nor on commuters)  **IFR**: Drivers must convey their anger only to employers who are far away. ] .pull-right[ - **Knobs**: - Drivers(Y/N); Commuters(Y/N); - Schedules; Timings(OK/NOK); Time of Day - Fares; Routes; Tickets; Money; Change; - Types of Buses; Seats... - **AC**: We want to strike against our employers, but they are not riding on the buses we drive !! Commuters are!! - **PC**: Drivers must strike AND not strike at the same time! ( From whose **point of view** !! ) ] --- ## TRIZ Workflow: Case Study: Bus Strikes in Japan .left-column[ **TC**: Improve *Force(10)* ( i.e.of the Strike) and not worsen * Object generated Harmful Effects(31)* ( i.e. on themselves nor on commuters) ] .right-column[ - **IP13(The Other Way Around!!)**: What points one way and can be turned around? Bus Routes? Ticket Transactions? - **3(Local Quality)**: Something should be different *inside* the bus!! - **36(Phase Transition**): Hmm..everybody involved must "change dramatically"...who? Commuters? Drivers ? - **24(Intermediary)**: Fuel Cost and Loss of Revenue as intermediary between striking staff and the company! ] How can we use these... --- ## TRIZ Workflow: Case Study: Bus Strikes in Japan .pull-left[ Solution: - Run buses properly on time! Use Fuel and Time! - But FREE !! The Bus Ticket Transaction is **the other way around**! So Conductors *pay* commuters..by not charging!! Stop ISSUING TICKETS !! - Local Quality, Phase Change, The Other Way Around, and Interediary...**all in one** .footnote[http://www.darrellmann.com/mini-case-study-strike/] ] .pull-right[ <iframe src="https://giphy.com/embed/xT9KVti6uOede1cYZq" width="480" height="270" frameBorder="0" class="giphy-embed" allowFullScreen></iframe><p><a href="https://giphy.com/gifs/filmeditor-horror-friday-the-13th-xT9KVti6uOede1cYZq">via GIPHY</a></p> ] --- ## TRIZ: Workflow Summary - Find a **PROBLEM** - Look at **RESOURCES** (knobs) within the Problem and how they affect the situation - Turn the knobs to formulate a **ADMINISTRATIVE CONTRADICTION** (a trade-off or a compromise in plain English) - Specify an **IDEAL FINAL RESULT** - Convert/metaphorize the **CONTRADICTION** into **TRIZ PARAMETER**s - Look up the **TRIZ CONTRADICTION MATRIX**. Discover the **INVENTIVE PRINCIPLES** you might apply - *Un-metaphorize* the **INVENTIVE PRINCIPLES** to apply them in a specific way in your problem and solve it! --- .pull-left[  Maurice Leloir (1851-1940) ] .pull-right[ # Thanks! ## Slides made ###with ## <span><i class="fab fa-r-project faa-vertical animated "></i></span> ### via the R packages:<br> &#x2694;&#xFE0F; [**xaringan**](https://github.com/yihui/xaringan)<br> +<br/>&#x1F60E; &#x2718;[**gadenbuie/xaringanExtra**](https://github.com/gadenbuie/xaringanExtra)<br><br/> ] ---